Tekinoroji yakawedzerwa yekudzokera kumashure here?
Svondo rapfuura, Huawei Yu Chengdong akataura mubvunzurudzo kuti "hazvina musoro kutaura kuti mota yakawedzerwa haina kufambira mberi zvakakwana. Iyo yakatambanudzwa yemhando yemhando ndiyo yakanyanya kufanirwa nzira itsva yemotokari yemagetsi parizvino."
Ichi chirevo chakakonzera zvakare nhaurirano inopisa pakati peindasitiri nevatengi nezve yakawedzera hybrid tekinoroji (inozonzi yakawedzerwa maitiro).Uye akati wandei evakuru vemabhizinesi emotokari, akadai seakakodzera CEO Li Xiang, Weima CEO Shen Hui, uye WeiPai CEO Li Ruifeng, vataura maonero avo.
Li Ruifeng, CEO weWei brand, akataura zvakananga naYu Chengdong paWeibo, achiti "zvichiri kuda kuoma kugadzira simbi, uye iko kubvumirana kweindasitiri kuti tekinoroji yehybrid yekuwedzera zvirongwa yadzokera kumashure."Mukuwedzera, Mutungamiri Mukuru we Wei brand akabva atenga M5 yekuongorora, achiwedzera imwe kunhuhwirira kwepfuti kuhurukuro.
Muchokwadi, pamberi peiyi fungu rekukurukurirana nezve "kana kuwedzera kuri kumashure", yakanaka uye vatariri veVolkswagen vaivewo ne "kurukurirano inopisa" panyaya iyi.Feng Sihan, CEO weVolkswagen China, akataura pachena kuti "chirongwa chekuwedzera ndiyo mhinduro yakaipisisa."
Tichitarisa pamusika wemota dzemumba mumakore achangopfuura, zvinogona kuwanikwa kuti mota nyowani dzinowanzo sarudza maviri emagetsi emhando yakawedzerwa kana magetsi akachena, uye kashoma kupinda mu plug-in hybrid simba.Kusiyana neizvi, makambani emotokari echinyakare, pane zvinopesana, zvigadzirwa zvavo zvemagetsi matsva angave emagetsi akachena kana plug-in hybrid, uye haana "hany'a" yakawedzera huwandu zvachose.
Nekudaro, nekuwanda kwemota nyowani dzichitora yakawedzera renji sisitimu mumusika, uye kubuda kwemotokari dzakakurumbira dzakadai seyakanaka uye Enjie M5, yakawedzera huwandu hunozivikanwa zvishoma nezvishoma nevatengi uye yave yakajairwa fomu yakasanganiswa mumusika. nhasi.
Kukurumidza kusimuka kwenzvimbo dzakareba kunofanirwa kuve nekukanganisa kutengeswa kwemafuta nemhando dzakasanganiswa dzemakambani emotokari dzechinyakare, unova mudzi wemakakatanwa pakati pemakambani emotokari echinyakare ataurwa pamusoro nemota dzichangovakwa.
Saka, yakawedzera renji yekudzokera kumashure tekinoroji?Ndeupi musiyano neplug-in?Sei motokari itsva dzichisarudza kureba?Nemibvunzo iyi, Che Dongxi akawana mhinduro mushure mekudzidza kwakadzama kwenzira mbiri dzehunyanzvi.
1, Iyo yakatambanudzwa uye plug-mukusanganiswa ndiwo mudzi wakafanana, uye yakawedzera dhizaini chimiro chiri nyore.
Tisati takurukura kureba uye plug-in hybrid, ngatitangei tasuma aya maviri mafomu emagetsi.
Zvinoenderana neyakajairwa gwaro renyika "terminology yemotokari dzemagetsi" (gb/t 19596-2017), mota dzemagetsi dzakakamurwa kuita mota dzemagetsi dzakachena (zvino dzinonzi mota dzemagetsi dzakachena) uye mota dzemagetsi dzakasanganiswa (zvinozonzi mota dzemagetsi dzakasanganiswa. )
Motokari yehybrid inogona kukamurwa kuita nhevedzano, parallel uye hybrid zvinoenderana nechimiro chesimba.Pakati pavo, mhando dzakatevedzana zvinoreva kuti simba rekutyaira remotokari rinongobva kumota;Parallel type inoreva kuti simba rekutyaira remota rinopihwa nemotor neinjini panguva imwe chete kana zvakasiyana;Iyo hybrid mhando inoreva maviri ekutyaira modhi yenhevedzano / yakafanana panguva imwe chete.
The range extender is a series hybrid.Iyo range extender inoumbwa neinjini uye jenareta inochaja bhatiri, uye bhatiri rinotyaira mavhiri, kana renji rekuwedzera rinopa zvakananga simba kumota kutyaira mota.
Nekudaro, iyo pfungwa yekududzira uye kusanganisa yakaoma.Panyaya yemotokari yemagetsi, mahybrid anogona zvakare kukamurwa kuita mahybrid ekunze anochajiswa uye asingachajiki ekunze mahybrid zvichienderana nekuchaja kwekunze.
Sezvinoratidzwa nezita racho, chero paine chiteshi chekuchaja uye chinogona kubhadhariswa kunze, isanganiswa yekunze inobhadhariswa, inogona kunzi "plug-in hybrid".Zvinoenderana neiyi chiyero chiyero, yakawedzera huwandu imhando yekududzira uye kusanganisa.
Saizvozvo, iyo isingachaji yekunze yakasanganiswa haina chiteshi chekuchaja, saka haikwanise kubhadhariswa kunze.Inogona kungochaja bhatiri kuburikidza nejini, kinetic simba rekudzoreredza uye dzimwe nzira.
Nekudaro, parizvino, iyo hybrid mhando inonyanya kusiyaniswa neiyo simba chimiro mumusika.Panguva ino, iyo plug-in hybrid system inoenderana kana hybrid hybrid system.Kana ichienzaniswa neakawedzera huwandu (series mhando), iyo plug-in hybrid (hybrid) injini haingopi simba remagetsi kumabhatiri nemamotor, asiwo kutyaira mota zvakananga kuburikidza neiyo hybrid transmission (ECVT, DHT, nezvimwewo) uye kugadzira mubatanidzwa. kumanikidza nemota kutyaira mota.
Batanidza masisitimu akasanganiswa akadai seakuru emadziro lemon hybrid system, Geely Raytheon hybrid system uye BYD DM-I ese ari mahybrid masisitimu.
Injini mune renji extender haigone kutyaira mota zvakananga.Inofanirwa kuburitsa magetsi kuburikidza nejenareta, kuchengetedza magetsi mubhatiri kana kugovera zvakananga kumota.Iyo mota, seyo yega yekubuda kwesimba rekutyaira remota yese, inopa simba kumotokari.
Naizvozvo, zvikamu zvitatu zvakakura zveiyo range extender system - range extender, bhatiri uye mota hazvibatanidzi ma mechanical connection, asi zvese zvakabatana nemagetsi, saka chimiro chese chiri nyore;Chimiro che plug-in hybrid system chakanyanya kuomarara, icho chinoda kubatanidza pakati peakasiyana dhizaini madomasi kuburikidza nemakanika zvinhu senge gearbox.
Kazhinji kutaura, mazhinji emakanika ekutapurirana zvikamu muiyo hybrid system ane hunhu hwepamusoro hunyanzvi zvipingamupinyi, kureba kwekushandisa kutenderera uye patent dziva.Zviripachena kuti "kutsvaga kumhanya" mota nyowani hadzina nguva yekutanga nemagiya.
Nekudaro, kumabhizinesi echinyakare emotokari yemafuta, kufambisa kwemakanika ndeimwe yesimba rawo, uye vane yakadzika tekinoroji kuunganidza uye hukuru hwekugadzira ruzivo.Kana mafambiro emagetsi arikuuya, zviri pachena kuti hazvigoneke kuti makambani emotokari echinyakare ape makumi emakore kana mazana emakore ekuunganidza tekinoroji otanga zvakare.
Mushure mezvose, zvakaoma kuita U-turn hombe.
Naizvozvo, yakareruka yakatambanudzwa dhizaini yave sarudzo yakanakisa yemotokari nyowani, uye plug-in hybrid, iyo isingangope kutamba kwakazara kune tsvina kupisa kwemagetsi kutapurirana uye kuderedza kushandiswa kwesimba, yave sarudzo yekutanga yeshanduko. zvechinyakare mota mabhizinesi.
2、 Iyo yakawedzera huwandu hwakatanga zana zana apfuura, uye bhatiri remota raimbova bhodhoro rekudhonza
Mushure mekujekesa mutsauko uripo pakati peplug-in hybrid uye yakawedzera huwandu, uye nei mota nyowani dzichiwanzo sarudza kureba, makambani emotokari echinyakare anosarudza plug-in hybrid.
Saka kune iyo yakawedzera chiyero, chimiro chakareruka chinoreva kumashure?
Chekutanga pane zvese, maererano nenguva, kurebesa tambo ndeye tekinoroji yekumashure.
Nhoroondo yenzvimbo dzakatambanudzwa inogona kurondwa kumashure kusvika pakupera kwezana ramakore rechi 19, apo Ferdinand Porsche, muvambi wePorsche, akavaka yekutanga pasi rose yakatevedzana mota yakasanganiswa lohner Porsche.
Lohner Porsche imotokari yemagetsi.Kune maviri hub motors pane yekumberi axle kutyaira mota.Nekudaro, nekuda kweiyo pfupi renji, Ferdinand Porsche akaisa majenareta maviri kuti avandudze huwandu hwemotokari, iyo yakagadzira yakatevedzana hybrid system uye ikava tateguru wekuwedzera kwehuwandu.
Sezvo tekinoroji yakawedzerwa yave iripo kweanopfuura makore zana nemakumi maviri, nei isina kukurumidza kukurumidza?
Chekutanga pane zvese, mune yakawedzera renji system, mota ndiyo chete sosi yesimba pavhiri, uye yakawedzera dhizaini inogona kunzwisiswa sehombe yezuva yekuchaja pfuma.Iyo yekutanga inoisa mafuta efossil uye inoburitsa simba remagetsi, nepo yekupedzisira ichipinza simba rezuva uye inobuda simba remagetsi.
Naizvozvo, basa rakakosha reiyo range extender ndere kushandura rudzi rwesimba, kutanga kushandura kemikari simba mumafuta efossil kuita simba remagetsi, uyezve kushandura simba remagetsi kuita kinetic simba kuburikidza nemota.
Zvinoenderana neruzivo rwekutanga rwemuviri, kumwe kushandiswa kunosungirwa kuitika mukushandurwa kwesimba.Mune iyo yese yakawedzera renji sisitimu, anokwana maviri esimba shanduko (kemikari simba remagetsi simba kinetic simba) inobatanidzwa, saka simba resimba rekuwedzera rakadzikira.
Munguva yekusimudzira kwakasimba kwemotokari dzemafuta, makambani emotokari echinyakare anotarisa mukugadzira injini dzine hunyanzvi hwemafuta uye magiya mabhokisi ane hunyanzvi hwekufambisa.Panguva iyoyo, ndeipi kambani yaigona kuvandudza kupisa kweinjini ne1%, kana kunyange pedyo neNobel Prize.
Nokudaro, chimiro chesimba chekuwedzera, icho chisingagoni kuvandudza asi kuderedza simba rekugadzirisa simba, chakasiiwa uye chisingatarisirwi nemakambani akawanda emotokari.
Chechipiri, mukuwedzera kune kushomeka kwesimba, mota nemabhatiri zvakare zvikonzero zviviri zvikuru izvo zvinodzikamisa kusimudzira kwerenji.
Mune yakawedzera renji system, mota ndiyo chete sosi yesimba remotokari, asi makore makumi maviri kusvika makumi matatu apfuura, tekinoroji yemotokari yekutyaira mota yakanga isati yakura, uye mutengo waive wakakwira, vhoriyamu yaive yakakura, uye simba raisakwanisa. tyaira motokari chete.
Panguva iyoyo, mamiriro ebhatiri aive akafanana neemota.Hapana kuwanda kwesimba kana huwandu humwe hunogona kuenzaniswa nehunyanzvi hwemabhatiri hwazvino.Kana iwe uchida kuve nehukuru hukuru, iwe unoda vhoriyamu yakakura, iyo ichaunza mari inodhura uye inorema huremu hwemotokari.
Fungidzira kuti makore makumi matatu apfuura, kana iwe wakaunganidza mota yakarebesa zvichienderana nemagetsi matatu anonongedzera yeyakanaka, mutengo waizosimuka wakananga.
Nekudaro, iyo yakawedzera huwandu inotyairwa zvachose nemota, uye mota ine zvakanakira pasina torque hysteresis, yakanyarara uye zvichingodaro.Naizvozvo, pamberi pekuparidzirwa kwenzvimbo yakawedzerwa mumunda wemotokari dzinotakura vanhu, yainyanya kushandiswa kumotokari uye zvikepe zvakaita sematangi, mota dzemigodhi hombe, zvikepe zvepasi pemvura, izvo zvisingatarisi mutengo uye huwandu, uye zvine zvakakwirira zvinodiwa zvesimba, runyararo. , torque pakarepo, nezvimwewo.
Mukupedzisa, hazvina musoro kuti CEO we Wei Pai neVolkswagen ataure kuti kureba ndeye tekinoroji yekumashure.Munguva yekukwira kwemota dzemafuta, kureba nemutengo wakakwira uye kushomeka kwehunyanzvi itekinoroji yekudzokera kumashure.Volkswagen uye rusvingo rukuru (Wei brand) ariwo maviri echinyakare mhando akakurira muzera remafuta.
Nguva yasvika panguva ino.Kunyangwe musimboti, hapana shanduko yemhando pakati peiyo yazvino yakawedzera siyana tekinoroji uye yakawedzera siyana tekinoroji kupfuura makore zana apfuura, ichiri yakawedzerwa renji jenareta rekugadzira magetsi, mota dzinotyairwa nemota, dzinogona kunzi "kumashure tekinoroji".
Nekudaro, mushure mezana ramakore, tekinoroji yakawedzerwa yakasvika pakupedzisira.Nekukurumidza kusimudzira kwemota uye bhatiri tekinoroji, mamops maviri ekutanga ave kukwikwidza kwakakosha, kudzima zvibodzwa zvehurefu hwakawedzerwa muzera remafuta uye kutanga kuruma musika wemafuta.
3, Sarudzo plug-mukusanganisa pasi pemamiriro ekushanda emudhorobha uye yakawedzera huwandu hwekumhanya-mhanya mamiriro ekushanda
Kune vatengi, havanei nekuti iyo yakawedzera siyana ndeye tekinoroji yekudzokera kumashure, asi iyo inonyanya kushandisa mafuta uye iyo inonyatso kugadzikana kutyaira.
Sezvambotaurwa pamusoro apa, iyo range extender is a series structure.Iyo range extender haigone kutyaira mota yakananga, uye simba rese rinobva kumota.
Naizvozvo, izvi zvinoita kuti mota dzine yakawedzera renji system dzive neruzivo rwekutyaira rwakafanana uye hunhu hwekutyaira sematramu akachena.Panyaya yekushandiswa kwesimba, huwandu hwakawedzerwa hwakafananawo nemagetsi akachena - pasi pesimba rekushandisa pasi pemamiriro emuguta uye kushandiswa kwemasimba makuru pasi pemamiriro ekukurumidza.
Kunyanya, nekuti iyo renji yekuwedzera inochaja bhatiri chete kana kupa simba kumota, iyo renji yekuwedzera inogona kuchengetedzwa mune ine hupfumi hwekumhanya renji nguva zhinji.Kunyangwe mune yakachena yemagetsi ekutanga modhi (yekutanga kushandisa simba rebhatiri), iyo range extender haigone kana kutanga, kana kugadzira kushandiswa kwemafuta.Nekudaro, iyo injini yemotokari yemafuta haigone kugara ichishanda mune yakatarwa yekumhanyisa renji.Kana iwe uchida kupfuura uye nekumhanyisa, iwe unofanirwa kuwedzera kumhanya, uye kana iwe wakanamatira mune traffic jam, iwe unozoita kwenguva yakareba.
Naizvozvo, pasi pemamiriro ekutyaira akajairwa, kushandiswa kwesimba (mafuta ekushandisa) kweakareba mumigwagwa yemudhorobha inomhanya kwakadzikira pane kuya kwemotokari dzemafuta dzakashongedzerwa neinjini imwechete yekutamisa.
Zvisinei, sekune magetsi akachena, kushandiswa kwesimba pasi pemamiriro ekumhanya-mhanya kwakakwirira kudarika iyo pasi pemamiriro ekukurumidza;Pane zvinopesana, kushandiswa kwesimba kwemotokari dzemafuta pasi pemamiriro epamusoro-soro kwakaderera pane pasi pemamiriro emaguta.
Izvi zvinoreva kuti pasi pemamiriro ekushanda kwepamusoro-soro, simba rekushandisa remotokari rakakwirira, simba rebheteri richapedzwa nokukurumidza, uye mutsara wekuwedzera uchada kushanda pa "mutoro wakakwana" kwenguva yakareba.Zvakare, nekuda kwekuvapo kwemabhatiri mapaketi, huremu hwemotokari dzemotokari dzemhando dzakakura dzine saizi yakafanana hunowanzo hukuru kupfuura hwemotokari dzemafuta.
Mota dzemafuta dzinobatsirwa nekuvapo kwegiya bhokisi.Pasi pemamiriro epamusoro-soro, motokari inogona kukwira kune giya repamusoro, kuitira kuti injini iri pahupfumi hwehupfumi, uye kushandiswa kwesimba kwakaderera.
Naizvozvo, kazhinji kutaura, mashandisirwo emagetsi enzvimbo yakawedzerwa pasi pemamiriro ekushanda anomhanya zvakada kufanana neaya emotokari dzemafuta dzine injini yekutamisa, kana kutokwira.
Mushure mekutaura nezve mashandisirwo emagetsi ehurefu hwakareba uye mafuta, pane tekinoroji yakasanganiswa inogona kusanganisa zvakanakira kuderera-kumhanya kwesimba rekushandisa kwemotokari dzakareba uye kuderera-kumhanya kwesimba rekushandisa kwemotokari dzemafuta, uye inogona kuve nehupfumi hwekushandisa simba. mukumhanya kwakakura?
Mhinduro ndeyekuti hongu, ndiko kuti, sanganisa.
Muchidimbu, iyo plug-in hybrid system iri nyore.Kuenzaniswa nehuwandu hwakawedzerwa, yekare inogona kutyaira motokari zvakananga nejini pasi pemamiriro ekushanda akakwirira;Kuenzaniswa nemafuta, plug-in musanganiswa inogona zvakare kuita senge yakawedzerwa siyana.Injini inopa simba kumota uye inotyaira mota.
Pamusoro pezvo, iyo plug-in hybrid system zvakare ine hybrid transmissions (ECVT, DHT), iyo inogonesa iro rakasiyana simba remota uye injini kuwana "kubatanidzwa" kurarama nekukurumidza kukurumidza kana kudiwa kwemagetsi.
Asi sekutaura kunoita, unogona kuwana chimwe chinhu kana ukachisiya.
Nekuda kwekuvapo kwema mechanical transmission mechanism, chimiro cheplug-in mixing chakanyanya kuoma uye huwandu hwacho hwakakura.Naizvozvo, pakati peplug-in hybrid uye akatambanudzwa mhando dzemhando imwe chete, huwandu hwebhatiri hwemhando yakawedzerwa yemhando yakakura kupfuura iyo yeplug-in hybrid modhi, iyo inogona zvakare kuunza hurefu hwakachena hwemagetsi.Kana nzvimbo yemotokari ichingoenda munzvimbo yedhorobha, iyo yakawedzera nhanho inogona kubhadhariswa pasina kuwedzera mafuta.
Semuenzaniso, bhatiri ra2021 rakanakisa i40.5kwh, uye iyo yakachena yemagetsi endurance mileage yeNEDC i188km.Kukwana kwebhatiri reMercedes Benz gle 350 e (plug-in hybrid version) uye BMW X5 xdrive45e (plug-in hybrid version) pedyo nehukuru hwayo inongori 31.2kwh uye 24kwh, uye magetsi akachena ekutsungirira mileage yeNEDC i103km chete uye 85km.
Chikonzero nei BYD's DM-I modhi yave yakakurumbira parizvino muchikamu chikuru nekuti bhatiri remushonga wekare rakakura kupfuura iro rekare reDM modhi, uye rinotopfuura iro reyekurebesa renji modhi yedanho rimwe chete.Kufamba mumaguta kunogona kuitwa nokushandisa magetsi chete uye pasina oiri, uye mutengo wokushandisa motokari uchaderedzwa saizvozvo.
Kupfupisa, kune dzichangobva kuvakwa mota, plug-in hybrid (yakasanganiswa) ine yakanyanya kuomarara chimiro haidi chete kureba kwekutanga kutsvagisa uye kutenderera kutenderera, asiwo nhamba huru yekuvimbika bvunzo payose plug-in hybrid system, inova. zviri pachena kuti haina kukurumidza munguva.
Nekukurumidza kuvandudza kwebhatiri uye mota tekinoroji, kuwedzera kweiyo renji ine nyore chimiro chave "chipfupi" chemotokari nyowani, ichipfuura yakananga chikamu chakaoma chesimba chekuvaka mota.
Asi nekuda kwekushandurwa kwesimba idzva kwemakambani emotokari echinyakare, zviri pachena kuti havadi kusiya simba, kutapurirana uye mamwe masisitimu avakaisa makore mazhinji esimba (zviwanikwa zvevanhu nemari) mukutsvaga nekusimudzira, vobva vatanga kubva. scratch.
Hybrid tekinoroji, senge plug-in hybrid, iyo isingangope kutamba kwakazara kune kutambisa kupisa kwemafuta emota zvinhu senge injini negiya bhokisi, asi zvakare kuderedza zvakanyanya kushandiswa kwemafuta, yave sarudzo yakajairika yemabhizinesi echinyakare emotokari kumba uye. kunze kwenyika.
Naizvozvo, ingave iri plug-in hybrid kana yakawedzera huwandu, icho chaicho chirongwa chekuchinja munguva yebhodhoro reiyo bhatiri tekinoroji.Kana matambudziko ebhatiri renji uye simba rekuzadzazve simba zvagadziriswa zvachose mune ramangwana, kushandiswa kwemafuta kuchabviswa zvachose.Hybrid tekinoroji senge yakawedzera renji uye plug-in hybrid inogona kuve iyo magetsi maitiro ezvishoma zvakakosha michina.
Nguva yekutumira: Jul-19-2022