1. UN Environment: Chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chenyika hadzina mitemo yekunze yemhando yemhepo
Sangano reUnited Nations Environment Programme rakataura mumushumo wekuongorora wakabudiswa nhasi kuti chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chenyika dzepasi rose hachina kuzivisa chero zvinotevedzwa zviri pamutemo zvekunze (ambient) zvemhando yemhepo.Kana paine mitemo nemirau yakadai, zviyero zvinoenderana zvinosiyana zvakanyanya uye kazhinji hazvienderane nemirairo yeWorld Health Organisation.Pamusoro pezvo, inosvika 31% yenyika dzinokwanisa kuunza zviyero zvekunze zvemhando yemhepo hazvisati zvatora chero zviyero.
UNEP "Kudzora Hunhu Hwemhepo: Yekutanga Global Air Pollution Legislation Assessment" yakaburitswa manheru eInternational Clean Air Blue Sky Day.Chirevo chakaongorora mutemo wemhando yemhepo yenyika 194 neEuropean Union, uye yakaongorora zvese zvemutemo uye masangano.Ongorora kushanda kwemutemo unoenderana mukuona kuti mhando yemhepo inosangana nezviyero.Mharidzo iyi inopfupikisa zvinhu zvakakosha zvinofanira kuiswa muhuwandu hwehutongi hwehutongi hwemhepo hunoda kutariswa mumutemo wenyika, uye hunopa hwaro hwechibvumirano chepasi rose chinosimudzira kuvandudzwa kwemaitiro ekunze kwemhepo.
Kutyisidzira kwehutano
Kusvibiswa kwemhepo kwakaonekwa neWHO sengozi imwe chete yezvakatipoteredza inoisa njodzi huru kuhutano hwevanhu.92% yehuwandu hwepasi rose inogara munzvimbo umo kusvibiswa kwemhepo kunodarika miganhu yakachengeteka.Pakati pavo, vakadzi, vana uye vakwegura munyika dzine mari shoma vanotambura Iyo yakanyanya kukanganisa.Zvidzidzo zvenguva pfupi yapfuura zvakaratidzawo kuti panogona kunge paine kuwirirana pakati pekugona kwehutachiona hwekorona itsva uye kusvibiswa kwemhepo.
Chirevo chakaratidza kuti kunyangwe WHO yakapa mirairo yemamiriro ekunze (yekunze) yemhando yemhepo, hapana yakarongeka uye yakabatana yemutemo hurongwa hwekuita izvi zvinongedzo.Mune inokwana 34% yenyika, mhepo yekunze haisati yadzivirirwa nemutemo.Kunyange idzo nyika dzakaunza mitemo yakakodzera, zviyero zvakakodzera zvakaoma kuenzanisa: 49% yenyika pasi rose inotsanangura kusvibiswa kwemhepo sekutyisidzira kwekunze, kuvharwa kwenzvimbo yehutano hwemhepo kunosiyana, uye inopfuura hafu yenyika. bvumira kutsauka kubva pazviyero zvakakodzera.standard.
Nzira refu yekuenda
Chirevo chakaratidza kuti basa rehurongwa hwekuzadzisa zviyero zvemhando yemhepo pachiyero chepasirese zvakare hachina kusimba-chete 33% yenyika dzinoita kuti kutevedza kwemhando yemhepo kuve chisungo chepamutemo.Kuongorora hutano hwemhepo kwakakosha kuziva kana zviyero zvasangana, asi zvishoma ne37% yenyika / matunhu haana zvinodiwa nemutemo kuti atarise kunaka kwemhepo.Chekupedzisira, kunyangwe kusvibiswa kwemhepo kusingazive miganhu, 31% chete yenyika dzine nzira dzepamutemo dzekugadzirisa kusvibiswa kwemhepo.
Inger Andersen, Mutungamiriri Mukuru weUnited Nations Environment Programme, akati: “Kana tikasatora matanho okumisa ndokuchinja mugariro wokuti kushatiswa kwemhepo kunoparira nzufu dzinosvika mamiriyoni 7 nokukurumidza gore riri rose, panosvika 2050, iyi nhamba ingabvira.Kuwedzera ne50%.
Chirevo ichi chinodaidzira kuti nyika dzakawanda dziunze mitemo yakasimba yemhando yemhepo uye mirau, kusanganisira kunyora zvishuvo zvemukati uye zvekunze kusvibiswa kwemhepo kuita mitemo, kuvandudza nzira dzemutemo dzekutarisa kunaka kwemhepo, kuwedzera kujeka, kusimbisa zvakanyanya hurongwa hwekutevedzwa kwemitemo, nekuvandudza mhinduro kune nyika uye. Policy uye regulatory coordination nzira dzekusvibiswa kwemhepo inodarika miganhu.
2. UNEP: Motokari zhinji dzakamboshandiswa dzinotengeswa kunze kwenyika nenyika dzakabudirira dziri kusvibisa motokari.
Mushumo wakabudiswa nhasi neUnited Nations Environment Programme wakaratidza kuti mamiriyoni emotokari dzakamboshandiswa, mavhani uye mabhazi maduku anotengeswa kubva kuEurope, United States neJapan kuenda kunyika dzichiri kusimukira anowanzova asina kunaka, izvo zvisingangokonzeri kusvibiswa kwemhepo. , asi zvinotadzisawo Kuedza kugadzirisa kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze.Chirevo ichi chinodaidza nyika dzese kuti dzizadze mikaha iripo, ibatanidze mwero wemhando yemhando dzemotokari dzakamboshandiswa, uye kuona kuti mota dzakambopinzwa kunze dzakachena uye dzakachengeteka zvakakwana.
Chirevo ichi, chakanzi "Mota Dzakashandiswa uye Nezvakatipoteredza-Kutarisisa Kwepasirese KweMotokari Dzakashandiswa: Kuyerera, Chikero, uye Mitemo", ndiyo yekutanga tsvakiridzo yakamboburitswa yakapoteredza musika wemotokari dzakashandiswa pasi rose.
Chirevo ichi chinoratidza kuti pakati pa2015 na2018, huwandu hwemamiriyoni gumi nemana emotokari dzekare dzakatengeswa kunze kwenyika.Pakati pavo, makumi masere kubva muzana vakaenda kunyika dzepasi nepakati, uye vanopfuura hafu vakaenda kuAfrica.
Executive Director veUNEP, Inger Andersen, vakati kuchenesa nekuronga patsva zvikepe zvepasi rose ndiro basa rekutanga kuwana mhando yemhepo yepasi rose neyemuno uye zvinangwa zvemamiriro ekunze.Mumakore apfuura, motokari dzakamboshandiswa dzakawanda dzave dzichitengeswa kubva kunyika dzakabudirira dzichiendeswa kunyika dzichiri kusimukira, asi nemhaka yokuti kutengeserana kwakabatana kunenge kusina kudzorwa, zvizhinji zvezvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika zviri kusvibisa motokari.
Akasimbisa kuti kushaikwa kwemitemo nemirau inoshanda ndicho chikonzero chikuru chekuraswa kwemotokari dzakasiiwa, dzinosvibisa uye dzisina kuchengetedzeka.Nyika dzakabudirira dzinofanira kumisa kutengesa kunze kwemotokari dzisina kupasa ongororo yadzo yezvakatipoteredza nekuchengetedzwa uye dzisisakodzere kutyaira mumigwagwa, ukuwo nyika dzinotenga kunze kwenyika dzichifanira kuunza mitemo yakaomarara.
Chirevo chakaratidza kuti kukurumidza kukura kwevaridzi vemotokari ndicho chinhu chikuru chinokonzera kusvibiswa kwemhepo uye kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze.Pasi rose, simba rine chekuita nekabhoni dhaikisaidhi rinobuda kubva muchikamu chezvekufambisa rinotora chikamu chimwe muzvina chehuwandu hwepasi rose.Kunyanya, zvinosvibisa zvakaita sefine particulate matter (PM2.5) uye nitrogen oxides (NOx) inoburitswa nemotokari ndiyo inonyanya kukonzera kusvibiswa kwemhepo yemumaguta.
Chirevo ichi chakavakirwa pakuongorora kwakadzama kwenyika dze146, uye yakaona kuti zvikamu zviviri kubva muzvitatu zvine "zvisina simba" kana "zvisina kusimba" nhanho yemitemo yekudzora kupinza kwemotokari dzakamboshandiswa.
Chirevo ichi chakaratidzawo kuti nyika dzakashandisa matanho ekudzora (kunyanya makore emotokari uye emission standards) pakutengwa kwemotokari dzakamboshandiswa dzinokwanisa kuwana mota dzemhando yepamusoro dzinosanganisira dzakasanganiswa uye dzemagetsi nemitengo inokwanisika.
Gwaro iri rakaona kuti munguva yeongororo, nyika dzemuAfrica dzakatenga kunze kwenyika motokari dzakamboshandiswa dzakawanda (40%), dzichiteverwa nenyika dzeEastern Europe (24%), Asia-Pacific (15%), Middle East nyika (12%) ne Nyika dzeLatin America (9%) .
Gwaro iri rakaratidza kuti motokari dzakamboshandiswa pasi pasi dzichakonzerawo tsaona dzemumigwagwa dzakawanda.Nyika dzakadai seMalawi, Nigeria, Zimbabwe, neBurundi dzinoshandisa mitemo yemotokari “dzisina kusimba” kana “dzisina kusimba” dzinewo ngozi dzakawanda dzomumigwagwa.Munyika dzakagadzira uye dzakanyatsoita mitemo yemotokari dzechipiri, zvikepe zvemumba zvine kuchengetedzwa kwepamusoro uye njodzi shoma.
Nerutsigiro rweUnited Nations Road Safety Trust Fund nemamwe masangano, UNEP yakakurudzira kuparurwa kwechirongwa chitsva chakazvipira kuunza hushoma hwemhando dzemotokari dzakamboshandiswa.Chirongwa ichi parizvino chakanangana neAfrica kutanga.Nyika zhinji dzemuAfrica (kusanganisira Morocco, Algeria, Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana neMauritius) dzakadzika mwero wehudiki, uye nyika zhinji dzakaratidza kufarira kupinda muchirongwa ichi.
Chirevo chakaratidza kuti tsvakurudzo yakawanda inodiwa kuti iwedzere kujekesa pamusoro pemigumisiro yekutengeswa kwemotokari inoshandiswa, kusanganisira kukanganisa kwemotokari dzinorema dzakashandiswa.
Nguva yekutumira: Oct-25-2021