Muna 2021, kutengesa kwepasirese EV kuchaverengera 9% yehuwandu hwekutengesa mota dzevafambi.
Kuwedzera iyo nhamba, pamusoro pekudyara zvakanyanya munzvimbo nyowani dzebhizinesi kuti ikurumidze kusimudzira, kugadzira uye kusimudzirwa kwemagetsi, vagadziri vemotokari uye vatengesi vari kukwenya huropi hwavo kugadzirira chizvarwa chinotevera chezvikamu zvemotokari.
Mienzaniso inosanganisira yakasimba-state mabhatiri, axial-flow motors, uye 800-volt magetsi masisitimu anovimbisa kucheka nguva dzekuchaja nepakati, kuderedza zvakanyanya saizi yebhatiri uye mutengo, uye kunatsiridza drivetrain kushanda zvakanaka.
Parizvino, vashoma chete vemota nyowani vakashandisa 800-volt system pachinzvimbo cheyakajairika 400.
Mienzaniso ine 800-volt masisitimu atove pamusika ndeaya: Porsche Taycan, Audi E-tron GT, Hyundai Ioniq 5 uye Kia EV6.Iyo Lucid Air limousine inoshandisa 900-volt architecture, asi nyanzvi dzeindasitiri dzinotenda kuti inyanzvi ye800-volt system.
Kubva pamaonero evanopa EV chikamu, 800-volt bhatiri dhizaini ichava iyo inotungamira tekinoroji panopera 2020s, kunyanya sezvo yakawanda uye yakatsaurirwa 800-volt yekuvaka ese-magetsi mapuratifomu anobuda, akadai seHyundai's E- GMP uye PPE ye iyo Volkswagen Group.
Hyundai Motor's E-GMP modular electric platform inopihwa neVitesco Technologies, kambani yepowertrain yakaruka kubva kuContinental AG, kupa 800-volt inverters;Volkswagen Group PPE ndeye 800-volt bhatiri yekuvaka yakabatanidzwa pamwe chete neAudi nePorsche.Modular yemagetsi mota chikuva.
"Pakazosvika 2025, mhando dzine 800-volt systems dzichava dzakawanda," akadaro Dirk Kesselgruber, purezidhendi weGKN's electric drivetrain division, kambani yekuvandudza teknolojia.GKN zvakare ndeimwe yevanoverengeka vatengesi veTier 1 vachishandisa tekinoroji, ichipa zvinhu zvakaita se800-volt emagetsi maaxles, ine ziso rekuona kugadzirwa kwakawanda muna 2025.
Akaudza Automotive News Europe, "Tinofunga kuti 800-volt system ichava huru. Hyundai yakaratidzawo kuti inogona kukwikwidza zvakaenzana pamutengo."
MuUnited States, Hyundai IQNIQ 5 inotangira pamadhora makumi mana nemakumi matanhatu nemakumi matanhatu nemakumi matanhatu nemakumi mashanu, iyo yakadzikira zvakanyanya kupfuura avhareji mutengo wemadhora makumi matanhatu nemakumi mashanu nemakumi mashanu emotokari dzemagetsi muna Kukadzi 2022, uye inogona kugamuchirwa nevatengi vakawanda.
"800 volts ndiyo inonzwisisika danho rinotevera mukushanduka kwemotokari dzakachena dzemagetsi," Alexander Reich, mukuru wezvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvemagetsi paVitesco, akadaro mubvunzurudzo.
Pamusoro pekupa 800-volt inverters yeHyundai's E-GMP modular electric platform, Vitesco yakachengetedza zvimwe zvibvumirano zvikuru, zvinosanganisira inverters yeNorth America automaker huru uye maviri anotungamira EVs muChina neJapan.Mutengesi anopa motokari.
Iyo 800-volt magetsi masisitimu chikamu chiri kukura nekukurumidza kupfuura zvaitarisirwa makore mashoma apfuura, uye vatengi vari kukura vakasimba, Harry Husted, mukuru wetekinoroji mukuru weUS auto parts supplier BorgWarner, akadaro kuburikidza neemail.kufarira.Mutengesi akahwinawo mamwe maodha, kusanganisira yakabatanidzwa drive module yeChinese yakasarudzika brand.
1. Sei 800 volts iri "inonzwisisika inotevera nhanho"?
Ndezvipi zvinonyanya kukosha zve800-volt system zvichienzaniswa neiyo iripo 400-volt system?
Kutanga, vanogona kuendesa simba rimwechete pane yakaderera ikozvino.Wedzera nguva yekuchaja ne50% nehukuru hwebhatiri.
Nekuda kweizvozvo, bhatiri, chikamu chinodhura kwazvo mumotokari yemagetsi, inogona kuitwa diki, ichiwedzera kugona nekudzikisa huremu hwese.
Otmar Scharrer, mukuru mutevedzeri wemutungamiri wemagetsi emagetsi emagetsi kuZF, akati: "Mutengo wemotokari dzemagetsi hausati wasvika pamwero wakafanana nemotokari dzepeturu, uye bhatiri duku richava mhinduro yakanaka. Uyezve, kuva nebheteri yakakura kwazvo mukati. iyo huru compact modhi senge Ioniq 5 haina musoro pachayo. "
"Nekupeta kaviri magetsi uye neazvino, mota inogona kuwana simba rakapetwa kaviri," Reich akadaro."Kana nguva yekuchaja ichikurumidza zvakakwana, mota yemagetsi ingasada kupedza nguva ichitsvaga rwendo rwemakiromita e1,000."
Chechipiri, nekuti mavheti epamusoro anopa simba rimwechete neazvino mashoma, tambo newaya zvinogonawo kuitwa zvidiki uye zvakareruka, zvichideredza kudyiwa kwemhangura inodhura uye inorema.
Simba rakarasika richaderedzwawo zvinoenderana, zvichikonzera kutsungirira kuri nani uye kuvandudzwa kwemotokari.Uye hapana yakaoma thermal management system inodiwa kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti bhatiri rinoshanda pakudziya kwakanyanya.
Chekupedzisira, kana yabatanidzwa neinobuda silicon carbide microchip tekinoroji, iyo 800-volt system inogona kuwedzera powertrain kushanda zvakanaka kusvika ku5 muzana.Iyi chip inorasikirwa nesimba shoma kana ichichinja uye inonyanya kushanda pakugadzirisa mabhureki.
Nekuti iyo nyowani silicon carbide machipisi inoshandisa isina kuchena silicon, mutengo unogona kunge wakaderera uye mamwe machipisi anogona kupihwa kuindasitiri yemotokari, vatengesi vakadaro.Nekuti mamwe maindasitiri anowanzo kushandisa ese-silicon machipisi, anokwikwidza neautomaker pamutsetse wekugadzira semiconductor.
"Pakupedzisira, kugadzirwa kwe800-volt masisitimu kwakakosha," inopedzisa GKN's Kessel Gruber.
2. 800-volt kuchaja chiteshi network marongerwo
Heino mumwe mubvunzo: Zviteshi zvakawanda zviripo zvekuchaja zvinoenderana ne400-volt system, pane chakanakira mota dzinoshandisa 800-volt system?
Mhinduro yakapihwa nenyanzvi dzeindasitiri ndeiyi: hongu.Kunyangwe mota ichida 800-volt yakavakirwa kuchaja zvivakwa.
"Mazhinji eiyo iripo DC yekuchaja zvivakwa ndeye 400-volt mota," Hursted akadaro."Kuti tiwane 800-volt inokurumidza kuchaja, tinoda chizvarwa chazvino chehigh-voltage, high-power DC fast charger."
Iro harisi dambudziko rekuchaja imba, asi kusvika pari zvino ma network ekuchaja eruzhinji muUS ane mashoma.Reich anofunga kuti dambudziko rakatonyanya kuoma kune migwagwa yekuchaja zviteshi.
MuEurope, zvisinei, 800-volt system yekuchaja network iri kuwedzera, uye Ionity ine nhamba ye800-volt, 350-kilowatt nzira yekuchaja nzvimbo muEurope yose.
Ionity EU ipurojekiti yekudyidzana yakawanda-automaker kunetiweki yezviteshi zvekuchaja zvemagetsi emotokari dzemagetsi, yakavambwa neBMW Group, Daimler AG, Ford Motor neVolkswagen.Muna 2020, Hyundai Motor yakabatana seyechishanu pakukura shareholder.
“800-volt, 350-kilowatt charger zvinoreva 100-kilomita kuchaja nguva 5-7 maminetsi,” inodaro ZF’s Schaller."Iyo kapu yekofi chete."
"Chokwadi iyi teknolojia inovhiringidza. Zvichabatsirawo indasitiri yemotokari kuti vanhu vakawanda vagamuchire motokari dzemagetsi."
Maererano neshumo ichangoburwa kubva kuPorsche, zvinotora anenge maminitsi makumi masere kuwedzera 250 mamaira epakati mune yakajairika 50kW, 400V chiteshi chemagetsi;Maminitsi makumi mana kana iri 100kW;kana kutonhodza plug yekuchaja (mitengo, uremu uye kuoma), izvo zvinogona kuwedzera kuderedza nguva kusvika kumaminitsi makumi matatu.
"Naizvozvo, mukuda kuwana kumhanyisa-kuchajisa, shanduko kuenda kune yakakwira voltages haidzivisike," mushumo wakapedzisa.Porsche inotenda kuti ne800-volt yekuchaja voltage, nguva yaizodonha kusvika kumaminetsi gumi nemashanu.
Kuchaja zvakare nyore uye nekukurumidza sekuwedzera mafuta - pane mukana wakanaka wekuti zviitike.
3. Mapiyona mumaindasitiri anochengetedza
Kana 800-volt tekinoroji yakanaka kwazvo, zvakakodzera kubvunza kuti sei, kunze kweiyo yambotaurwa mhando, dzinenge dzese mota dzemagetsi dzichiri dzakavakirwa pa400-volt masisitimu, kunyangwe vatungamiriri vemusika Tesla neVolkswagen.?
Schaller nedzimwe nyanzvi dzinopa zvikonzero "kureruka" uye "kuva indasitiri kutanga."
Imba yakajairika inoshandisa 380 volts yetatu-phase AC (yevoltage chiyero chaicho, kwete kukosha kwakatarwa), saka ma automaker pavakatanga kuburitsa ma plug-in mahybrids nemotokari dzemagetsi dzakachena, zvivakwa zvekuchaja zvaive zvatovepo.Uye mafungu ekutanga emagetsi emagetsi akavakirwa pazvikamu zvakagadzirirwa plug-in mahybrids, ayo aive akavakirwa pa400-volt masisitimu.
"Kana munhu wese ari pa400 volts, zvinoreva kuti ndiyo nhanho yemagetsi inowanikwa muzvivakwa kwese kwese," Schaller akadaro."Ndiyo yakanyanya kunaka, inowanikwa ipapo. Saka vanhu havafungi zvakanyanya. Pakarepo vakasarudza."
Kessel Gruber anorumbidza Porsche semapiyona e800-volt system nekuti yainyanya kutarisisa kuita pane kuita.
Porsche inoshinga kuongorora zvakare izvo indasitiri yakatakura kubva kare.Anozvibvunza kuti: "Iyi ndiyo mhinduro yakanakisisa here?""Tingazvigadzira kubva pakutanga here?"Ndiko kunaka kwekuve mugadziri wemotokari wepamusoro-soro.
Nyanzvi dzemaindasitiri dzakabvumirana kuti ingori nyaya yenguva kuti mamwe 800-volt EVs auye pamusika.
Iko hakuna akawanda ehunyanzvi matambudziko, asi zvikamu zvinoda kuvandudzwa nekusimbiswa;mutengo unogona kunge uri nyaya, asi nechiyero, maseru madiki uye shoma mhangura, mutengo wakaderera uchauya munguva pfupi.
Volvo, Polestar, Stellantis neGeneral Motors vakatotaura kuti mhando dzemangwana dzichashandisa tekinoroji.
Volkswagen Boka iri kuronga kuvhura mota dzakati wandei papuratifomu yayo ye800-volt PPE, kusanganisira Macan nyowani uye chiteshi ngoro yakavakirwa pane itsva A6 Avant E-tron pfungwa.
Vanoverengeka vevagadziri vemotokari vekuChina vakazivisawo kutamira ku800-volt architecture, kusanganisira Xpeng Motors, NIO, Li Auto, BYD uye Geely-owned Lotus.
"NeTaycan uye E-tron GT, une motokari ine kirasi-inotungamira maitiro. Ioniq 5 uchapupu hwokuti motokari yemhuri inokwanisika inokwanisika, "akagumisa Kessel Gruber."Kana idzi mota shoma dzichigona kuzviita, mota yese inogona kuzviita."
Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-19-2022