Kunyangwe muhafu yechipiri ya2021, mamwe makambani emotokari akataura kuti dambudziko rekushomeka kwechip muna 2022 richavandudzwa, asi maOEM akawedzera kutenga uye pfungwa yemutambo kune mumwe nemumwe, pamwe nekupihwa kweakura mota-giredhi chip kugadzirwa. Mabhizinesi achiri muchikamu chekuwedzera huwandu hwekugadzira, uye musika wazvino wepasi rose uchiri kukanganiswa zvakanyanya nekushaikwa kwemacores.
Panguva imwecheteyo, nekukurumidzira shanduko yeindasitiri yemotokari kuenda kumagetsi uye nehungwaru, iyo maindasitiri cheni yekugovera chip ichaitawo shanduko dzinoshamisa.
1. Marwadzo eMCU pasi pekushaiwa kwepakati
Zvino tichitarisa kumashure pakushomeka kwemacores kwakatanga mukupera kwa2020, kubuda kwacho pasina mubvunzo ndicho chikonzero chikuru chekusaenzana pakati pekupa uye kudiwa kwemachipi emotokari. Kunyangwe kuongororwa kwakaomarara kwechimiro chekushandiswa kwepasi rose MCU (microcontroller) machipisi kunoratidza kuti kubva 2019 kusvika 2020, kugoverwa kweMCUs mumotokari yemagetsi maapplication kunotora 33% yemusika wepasi pekushandisa, asi zvichienzaniswa nehofisi yepamhepo iri kure Kusvika kumusoro. Vagadziri ve chip vane hanya, chip foundries uye kurongedza uye makambani ekuyedza akakanganiswa zvakanyanya nenyaya dzakadai sekuvharwa kwedenda.
Chip kugadzira zvidyarwa zvemaindasitiri anonyanya kushanda achatambura nekushomeka kwakakomba kwevashandi uye kushomeka kwemari mu2020. Mushure meiyo upstream chip dhizaini yakashandurwa kuita zvinodiwa nemakambani emotokari, haina kukwanisa kuronga zvizere kugadzira, zvichiita kuti zviome. kuti machipisi aendeswe kuzere. Mumaoko efekitari yemotokari, mamiriro ekugadzirwa kwemotokari asina kukwana anooneka.
Muna Nyamavhuvhu gore rapfuura, STMicroelectronics 'Muar chirimwa muMuar, Malaysia chakamanikidzwa kuvhara mamwe mafekitori nekuda kwekukanganisa kwedenda idzva rekorona, uye kudzima kwakanangana nekupihwa machipisi eBosch ESP/IPB, VCU, TCU uye. mamwe masisitimu ari mumamiriro ekukanganiswa kwekupa kwenguva yakareba.
Mukuwedzera, muna 2021, njodzi dzinongoitika dzoga dzakadai sekudengenyeka kwenyika nemoto dzichakonzerawo kuti vamwe vagadziri vatadze kugadzira munguva pfupi. Muna February gore rapfuura, kudengenyeka kwacho kwakakonzera kukuvadzwa kukuru kuRenesas Electronics yokuJapan, imwe yemakambani makuru pasi rose anotengesa machipisi.
Kusafungira zvisirizvo kudiwa kwemachipisi emumotokari nemakambani emotokari, pamwe nenyaya yekuti machira ekumusoro akashandura huwandu hwekugadzira machipisi emotokari kuita machipisi evatengi kuitira kuti ive nechokwadi chemutengo wezvinhu, zvakonzera MCU uye. CIS iyo ine yakanyanya kupindirana pakati pemotokari machipisi uye makuru emagetsi zvigadzirwa. (CMOS mufananidzo sensor) iri mukushomeka kwakakomba.
Kubva pakuona kwehunyanzvi, kune angangoita makumi mana emhando dzechinyakare mota semiconductor zvishandiso, uye huwandu hwese hwemabhasikoro anoshandiswa 500-600, ayo anonyanya kusanganisira MCU, simba semiconductors (IGBT, MOSFET, nezvimwewo), masensa uye akasiyana siyana. analog zvishandiso. Motokari dzinozvimiririra zvakare Zvigadzirwa zvakatevedzana senge ADAS anobatsira machipisi, CIS, AI processors, lidars, millimeter-wave radars uye MEMS ichashandiswa.
Zvinoenderana nehuwandu hwekudiwa kwemotokari, inonyanya kukanganiswa mudambudziko rekushomeka uku ndeyekuti mota yechinyakare inoda anopfuura makumi manomwe MCU machipisi, uye mota MCU iESP (Electronic Stability Program System) uye ECU (Zvikamu zvikuru zvemotokari main control chip. ) Kutora chikonzero chikuru chekuderera kweHaval H6 yakapihwa neGreat Wall kakawanda kubva gore rapfuura semuenzaniso, Great Wall yakati kuderera kwekutengesa kwakakomba kweH6 mumwedzi yakawanda kwakakonzerwa nekusakwana kweBosch ESP yayakashandisa. Iyo yaimbove yakakurumbira Euler Black Cat uye White Cat yakazivisawo kumiswa kwekugadzirwa muna Kurume gore rino nekuda kwenyaya dzakadai seESP yekudzikira uye kuwedzera kwemutengo wechip.
Zvinonyadzisa, kunyangwe mafekitori eauto chip ari kuvaka uye achigonesa mitsva yekugadzira mitsara muna 2021, uye kuyedza kuendesa maitiro emotokari machipisi kumutsara wekare wekugadzira uye mutsara wekugadzira 12-inch mune ramangwana, kuitira kuwedzera kugadzirwa uye kugona. kuwana hupfumi hwechiyero, Zvisineyi, kutenderera kutenderera kwemidziyo yesemiconductor inowanzopfuura hafu yegore. Pamusoro pezvo, zvinotora nguva yakareba kugadzirisa mutsara wekugadzira, kuoneswa kwechigadzirwa uye kuvandudzwa kwehuwandu hwekugadzira, izvo zvinoita kuti hutsva hwekugadzira hunogona kunge huchishanda muna 2023-2024. .
Zvakakodzera kutaura kuti kunyangwe kudzvinyirirwa kwakagara kwenguva yakareba, makambani emotokari achiri kutarisira nezvemusika. Uye hutsva hwekugadzira chip huchagadzirirwa kugadzirisa ikozvino yakakura chip kugadzirwa kwedambudziko dambudziko mune ramangwana.
2. Nzvimbo itsva yehondo pasi pehungwaru hwemagetsi
Nekudaro, kune indasitiri yemotokari, kugadziriswa kweiyo chip dambudziko rinogona kungogadzirisa kudiwa kwekukurumidzira kweiyo ikozvino musika wekupa uye kudiwa asymmetry. Pamberi pekushandurwa kwemaindasitiri emagetsi uye akangwara, kudzvanywa kwemotokari machipisi kunongowedzera exponentially mune ramangwana.
Nekuwedzera kuri kudiwa kwemotokari yakabatanidzwa kutonga kwezvinhu zvine magetsi, uye panguva yeFOTA kusimudzira uye otomatiki kutyaira, huwandu hwemachipi emotokari nyowani dzakakwidziridzwa kubva pa500-600 munguva yemotokari dzemafuta kusvika ku1,000 kusvika ku1,200. Huwandu hwezvipenyu hwawedzerawo kubva pa40 kusvika ku150.
Dzimwe nyanzvi muindasitiri yemotokari dzakataura kuti mumunda weakakwira-ekupedzisira smart mota dzemagetsi mune ramangwana, huwandu hwemachipisi emotokari imwe chete huchawedzera kakawanda kusvika kune zvidimbu zvinopfuura zviuru zvitatu, uye chikamu chemotokari semiconductors mumutengo wezvinhu. iyo yose motokari ichawedzera kubva 4% muna 2019 kusvika 12 muna 2025. %, uye inogona kuwedzera kusvika 20% ne 2030. Izvi hazvirevi chete kuti munguva yehungwaru hwemagetsi, kudiwa kwemachipisi emotokari kuri kuwedzera, asi zvakare. inoratidza kukurumidza kukwira kwekuoma kwehunyanzvi uye mutengo wemachipisi anodiwa kumotokari.
Kusiyana nemaOEM echinyakare, uko makumi manomwe muzana emachipisi emota dzemafuta ari 40-45nm uye 25% ari akaderera-spec machipisi ari pamusoro pe45nm, chikamu chemachipisi mu40-45nm maitiro emagetsi epamusoro uye ekupedzisira emagetsi pamusika ane. yakaderera kusvika pa25%. 45%, nepo chikamu chemachipisi chiri pamusoro pe45nm process chingori 5%. Kubva pane tekinoroji yemaonero, akakura-yekupedzisira maitiro machipisi pazasi 40nm uye yakawedzera 10nm uye 7nm process machipisi pasina mubvunzo inzvimbo nyowani dzemakwikwi munguva nyowani yeindasitiri yemotokari.
Zvinoenderana neshumo yeongororo yakaburitswa neHushan Capital muna 2019, chikamu chemagetsi semiconductors mumotokari yese chakawedzera nekukurumidza kubva pa21% panguva yemotokari dzemafuta kusvika pa55%, nepo maMCU machipisi adonha kubva pa23% kusvika 11%.
Nekudaro, iyo yekuwedzera chip kugadzirwa kwesimba inoburitswa nevagadziri vakasiyana ichiri kunyanya kugumira kune echinyakare MCU machipisi parizvino ane basa reinjini / chassis / kudzora muviri.
Kune mota dzemagetsi dzakangwara, AI machipi ane mutoro wekuzvimiririra kutyaira maonero uye fusion; magetsi modules akadai IGBT (insulated gedhi dual transistor) ane basa rekushandura simba; sensor machipi ekuzvimiririra kutyaira radar yekutarisa akawedzera zvakanyanya kudiwa. Iyo inogona kunge yave kutenderera kutsva kwe "kushomeka kwepakati" matambudziko ayo makambani emotokari achasangana nawo muchikamu chinotevera.
Nekudaro, muchikamu chitsva, chinotadzisa makambani emotokari chingave chisiri dambudziko rekugadzira rakakanganiswa nezvinhu zvekunze, asi "yakanamira mutsipa" weiyo chip inorambidzwa nedivi rehunyanzvi.
Tichitora kudiwa kwemachipi eAI akaunzwa nehungwaru semuenzaniso, iyo computing vhoriyamu yeautonomous driving software yatosvika pambiri-digit TOPS (trillion operations pasekondi) nhanho, uye simba remakomputa remotokari dzechinyakare MCUs harigone kuzadzisa zvinodiwa zvekombuta. yemotokari dzinozvimiririra. AI machipi akadai seGPUs, FPGAs, uye ASICs akapinda mumusika wemotokari.
Muhafu yekutanga yegore rapfuura, Horizon yakazivisa zviri pamutemo kuti chizvarwa chechitatu chemotokari-giredhi chigadzirwa, iyo Rwendo 5 akatevedzana machipisi, akaburitswa zviri pamutemo. Zvinoenderana nedata repamutemo, iyo Rwendo 5 yakatevedzana machipisi ane komputa simba re96TOPS, simba rekushandisa 20W, uye chiyero chesimba re 4.8TOPS/W. . Kuenzaniswa neiyo 16nm process tekinoroji yeFSD (yakanyatsozvimiririra yekutyaira basa) chip yakaburitswa naTesla muna 2019, maparamendi echipu chimwe chete chine simba rekombuta re72TOPS, kushandiswa kwesimba kwe36W uye chiyero chesimba re2TOPS/W chine. yakavandudzwa zvikuru. Kubudirira uku kwakawanawo kufarirwa nekushandira pamwe kwemakambani mazhinji emotokari anosanganisira SAIC, BYD, Great Wall Motor, Chery, uye Ideal.
Inotungamirwa nehungwaru, kushanduka kweindasitiri kwave nekukurumidza zvakanyanya. Kutanga kubva kuTesla's FSD, kuvandudzwa kweAI main control chips kwakafanana nekuvhura bhokisi rePandora. Nguva pfupi yapfuura Rwendo 5, NVIDIA yakakurumidza kuburitsa Orin chip iyo ichave imwe-chip. Simba rekombuta rakawedzera kusvika pa254TOPS. Panyaya yematekinoroji ekuchengetedza, Nvidia akatotarisa chip yeAtlan SoC ine simba rimwechete rekombuta rinosvika ku1000TOPS yeruzhinji gore rapfuura. Parizvino, NVIDIA inogara yakasimba pamusika weGPU wemotokari huru dzekudzora machipisi, kuchengetedza chikamu chemusika che70% gore rose.
Kunyangwe kupinda kwehofori yenharembozha Huawei muindasitiri yemotokari kwakamisa mafungu emakwikwi muindasitiri yemotokari chip, zvinozivikanwa kuti pasi pekukanganiswa kwezvinhu zvekunze, Huawei ane ruzivo rwakapfuma rwekugadzira mune 7nm process SoC, asi haigone. batsira vagadziri vepamusoro chip. kusimudzirwa kwemusika.
Masangano ekutsvagisa anofungidzira kuti kukosha kweAI chip mabhasikoro kuri kukwira nekukurumidza kubva kuUS $ 100 muna 2019 kuenda kuUS $ 1,000+ ne2025; panguva imwecheteyo, iyo yepamba yemotokari AI chip musika ichawedzerawo kubva kuUS $900 miriyoni muna 2019 kusvika 91 muna 2025. Mamiriyoni zana emadhora ekuUS. Iko kukurumidza kukura kwemusika kudiwa uye tekinoroji monopoly yeakakwira-standard machipisi pasina mubvunzo ichaita kuti ramangwana rehungwaru kusimudzira kwemakambani emotokari kunyanye kuoma.
Zvakafanana nezvinodiwa mumusika weAI chip, IGBT, sechinhu chakakosha semiconductor chikamu (kusanganisira machipisi, insulating substrates, materminals nezvimwe zvinhu) mumotokari nyowani ine mutengo unosvika 8-10%, zvakare ine. kukanganisa kwakadzama pakuvandudzwa kweramangwana reindasitiri yemotokari. Kunyangwe makambani epamba akadai seBYD, Star Semiconductor, uye Silan Microelectronics atanga kupa IGBTs kumakambani emotokari dzepamba, parizvino, IGBT yekugadzira makambani ataurwa pamusoro ichiri kushomeka nehukuru hwemakambani, zvichiita kuti zviome kuita. kufukidza kukurumidza kusimuka kwesimba idzva remumba. kukura kwemusika.
Nhau dzakanaka ndedzekuti pamberi pechikamu chinotevera cheSiC kutsiva IGBTs, makambani eChinese haasi kure kumashure mukurongeka, uye kuwedzera SiC dhizaini uye kugona kugadzira kwakavakirwa IGBT R&D kugona nekukurumidza zvinotarisirwa kubatsira makambani emotokari uye. michina. Vagadziri vanowana mukana muchikamu chinotevera chemakwikwi.
3. Yunyi Semiconductor, core intelligent kugadzira
Yakatarisana nekushomeka kwemachipisi muindasitiri yemotokari, Yunyi akazvipira kugadzirisa dambudziko rekupa zvema semiconductor zvinhu zvevatengi muindasitiri yemotokari. Kana iwe uchida kuziva nezve Yunyi Semiconductor accessories uye kubvunza, ndapota tinya chinongedzo:https://www.yunyi-china.net/semiconductor/.
Nguva yekutumira: Mar-25-2022